PCOS
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal imbalance affecting many women of reproductive age. It's characterized by irregular or infrequent periods, excess androgen (male-like) hormones, and the presence of multiple small cysts in the ovaries (although not all women with PCOS have cysts). While PCOS can impact various aspects of health, many women manage it effectively and live fulfilling lives.
• The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it's likely a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
• Irregular or infrequent periods: This is a hallmark symptom, with periods occurring less than eight times a year, being very light, or completely absent.
• Excess androgen hormones: This can manifest as symptoms like acne, male-pattern hair growth (hirsutism), thinning hair on the scalp, and oily skin.
• Ovarian cysts: While not all women with PCOS have them, small fluid-filled follicles may develop in the ovaries.
• Other symptoms: Weight gain, insulin resistance, depression, anxiety, and sleep apnea can also be associated with PCOS.
There's no single test for PCOS. Diagnosis usually involves:
• Medical history and physical exam: Assessing symptoms, weight, and body hair distribution.
• Blood tests: Measuring hormone levels like testosterone, insulin, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH).
• Pelvic ultrasound: Checking for the presence of ovarian cysts.
Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and reducing risks associated with PCOS. Options may include:
• Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and a balanced diet can improve insulin sensitivity and overall health.
• Medications: Birth control pills or other hormonal therapies can regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels, and manage acne.
• Metformin: This medication can help improve insulin resistance and regulate blood sugar levels.
• Ovulation induction: Medications or IUI (intrauterine insemination) can increase ovulation and aid in conception.
• Surgery: Rarely, ovarian cysts may require surgical removal for symptom relief.
• PCOS can be challenging, but with proper management and support, most women can live healthy and fulfilling lives. Building a strong support network, adopting healthy lifestyle choices, and staying informed about available treatment options are crucial.
• Remember, you're not alone. PCOS affects millions of women, and our resources are available to help you manage your symptoms, access treatment, and live a healthy and fulfilling life