Uterine Fibroids
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Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are noncancerous growths that develop in or on the muscle wall of the uterus. They are incredibly common, affecting up to 70% of women over the age of 35. While most fibroids are harmless and cause no symptoms, some can cause a variety of issues, depending on their size, location, and number.
• Submucosal fibroids: Grow inside the uterine cavity, potentially impacting fertility and menstrual flow.
• Intramural fibroids: Develop within the muscle wall of the uterus, sometimes causing pressure, pain, or distortion of the uterine shape.
• Subserosal fibroids: Protrude from the outer uterine wall, sometimes causing no symptoms or mild discomfort depending on size.
• Pedunculated fibroids: Grow on a stalk attached to the uterus, potentially twisting or causing pain.
Fibroids may not cause any noticeable symptoms, often being discovered during routine pelvic exams or ultrasounds. However, some women experience:
• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Frequent urination or constipation
• Difficulty getting pregnant
• Miscarriages
• Bulging or bloating in the abdomen
• The exact cause of fibroids is unknown, but factors like estrogen levels, genetics, and age likely play a role.
• Pelvic exams, ultrasounds, and other imaging tests like MRI scans can help diagnose fibroids.
• Treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms, fibroid size and location, and a woman's circumstances. Options may include:
• Watchful waiting: Monitoring fibroids without intervention if they cause no symptoms.
Medications:
• Hormone therapy can shrink fibroids and relieve symptoms.
• Minimally invasive procedures: Myomectomy (fibroid removal surgery) through laparoscopy or hysteroscopy are options for symptomatic fibroids.
• Hysterectomy: Surgical removal of the uterus may be considered for large or severely symptomatic fibroids, or for women who have completed childbearing.
Most women with fibroids live perfectly normal lives. Managing symptoms, regular checkups, and open communication with your doctor are key. Support groups and resources can also be helpful for women navigating their journey with fibroids.